The Marathi language, spoken predominantly in the Indian state of Maharashtra, is rich with cultural and linguistic history. For English speakers learning Marathi, grasping the vocabulary is a crucial step. Among the different parts of speech, adjectives play a vital role in describing nouns and adding vivid detail to conversations. Understanding and using the most commonly used Marathi adjectives can greatly enhance your communication skills.
In this article, we will explore a variety of commonly used Marathi adjectives, providing their meanings, usage, and examples to help you incorporate them seamlessly into your conversations.
Basic Marathi Adjectives
Learning basic adjectives is essential for any beginner. These foundational words will help you describe everyday objects, people, and places.
1. मोठा (mothā) – Big
– Example: तो मोठा घर आहे. (To mothā ghar āhe.)
– Translation: That is a big house.
2. लहान (lahān) – Small
– Example: ती लहान मुलगी आहे. (Tī lahān mulagī āhe.)
– Translation: She is a small girl.
3. उंच (unch) – Tall
– Example: तो उंच माणूस आहे. (To unch māṇūs āhe.)
– Translation: He is a tall man.
4. ठेंगणा (ṭheṅgaṇā) – Short
– Example: तो ठेंगणा झाड आहे. (To ṭheṅgaṇā jhād āhe.)
– Translation: That is a short tree.
5. नवीन (navīn) – New
– Example: हे नवीन पुस्तक आहे. (He navīn pustak āhe.)
– Translation: This is a new book.
6. जुना (junā) – Old
– Example: हे जुने घर आहे. (He june ghar āhe.)
– Translation: This is an old house.
Descriptive Adjectives for People
Describing people accurately and vividly requires a good set of adjectives. Here are some commonly used Marathi adjectives to describe people.
1. सुंदर (sundar) – Beautiful
– Example: ती सुंदर आहे. (Tī sundar āhe.)
– Translation: She is beautiful.
2. हुशार (hushār) – Intelligent
– Example: तो हुशार विद्यार्थी आहे. (To hushār vidyārthī āhe.)
– Translation: He is an intelligent student.
3. मजेदार (majedār) – Funny
– Example: तो मजेदार माणूस आहे. (To majedār māṇūs āhe.)
– Translation: He is a funny man.
4. दयाळू (dayāḷū) – Kind
– Example: ती दयाळू स्त्री आहे. (Tī dayāḷū strī āhe.)
– Translation: She is a kind woman.
5. प्रामाणिक (prāmāṇik) – Honest
– Example: तो प्रामाणिक दुकानदार आहे. (To prāmāṇik dukāndār āhe.)
– Translation: He is an honest shopkeeper.
6. मेहनती (mehnatī) – Hardworking
– Example: ती मेहनती मुलगी आहे. (Tī mehnatī mulagī āhe.)
– Translation: She is a hardworking girl.
Adjectives for Emotions
Being able to describe emotions accurately is key to meaningful conversations. Here are some Marathi adjectives to express various emotions.
1. आनंदी (ānandī) – Happy
– Example: तो आनंदी आहे. (To ānandī āhe.)
– Translation: He is happy.
2. उदास (udās) – Sad
– Example: ती उदास आहे. (Tī udās āhe.)
– Translation: She is sad.
3. क्रोधित (krodhit) – Angry
– Example: तो क्रोधित आहे. (To krodhit āhe.)
– Translation: He is angry.
4. उत्साही (utsāhī) – Excited
– Example: ती उत्साही आहे. (Tī utsāhī āhe.)
– Translation: She is excited.
5. घाबरलेला (ghābarlelā) – Scared
– Example: तो घाबरलेला आहे. (To ghābarlelā āhe.)
– Translation: He is scared.
6. चिंताग्रस्त (chintāgrast) – Worried
– Example: ती चिंताग्रस्त आहे. (Tī chintāgrast āhe.)
– Translation: She is worried.
Adjectives for Taste and Food
Describing food and taste can make conversations about meals more engaging. Here are some Marathi adjectives related to taste and food.
1. गोड (goḍ) – Sweet
– Example: हे गोड आहे. (He goḍ āhe.)
– Translation: This is sweet.
2. आंबट (āṃbaṭ) – Sour
– Example: हे आंबट आहे. (He āṃbaṭ āhe.)
– Translation: This is sour.
3. तिखट (tikhaṭ) – Spicy
– Example: हे तिखट आहे. (He tikhaṭ āhe.)
– Translation: This is spicy.
4. खारट (khāraṭ) – Salty
– Example: हे खारट आहे. (He khāraṭ āhe.)
– Translation: This is salty.
5. कडू (kaḍū) – Bitter
– Example: हे कडू आहे. (He kaḍū āhe.)
– Translation: This is bitter.
6. मऊ (maū) – Soft
– Example: हे मऊ आहे. (He maū āhe.)
– Translation: This is soft.
Adjectives for Weather and Nature
Describing the weather and nature around you can add a new dimension to your conversations. Here are some Marathi adjectives for weather and nature.
1. गरम (garam) – Hot
– Example: आज गरम आहे. (Āj garam āhe.)
– Translation: It is hot today.
2. थंड (thaṇḍ) – Cold
– Example: आज थंड आहे. (Āj thaṇḍ āhe.)
– Translation: It is cold today.
3. उष्ण (uṣṇ) – Warm
– Example: हवा उष्ण आहे. (Havā uṣṇ āhe.)
– Translation: The weather is warm.
4. थंडगार (thaṇḍgār) – Cool
– Example: हवा थंडगार आहे. (Havā thaṇḍgār āhe.)
– Translation: The weather is cool.
5. वारा (vārā) – Windy
– Example: आज वारा आहे. (Āj vārā āhe.)
– Translation: It is windy today.
6. पाऊसाळी (pāūsāḷī) – Rainy
– Example: आज पाऊसाळी दिवस आहे. (Āj pāūsāḷī divas āhe.)
– Translation: Today is a rainy day.
Adjectives for Time
Adjectives related to time can help you describe events more precisely. Here are some commonly used Marathi adjectives for time.
1. लवकर (lavkar) – Early
– Example: तो लवकर आला. (To lavkar ālā.)
– Translation: He came early.
2. उशिरा (ushirā) – Late
– Example: ती उशिरा आली. (Tī ushirā ālī.)
– Translation: She came late.
3. तातडीचा (tāṭaḍīchā) – Immediate
– Example: हे तातडीचे काम आहे. (He tāṭaḍīche kām āhe.)
– Translation: This is an immediate task.
4. हंगामी (hangāmī) – Seasonal
– Example: हंगामी फळे मिळतात. (Hangāmī phaḷe miḷtāt.)
– Translation: Seasonal fruits are available.
5. दररोजचा (darrōjchā) – Daily
– Example: दररोजची कामे. (Darrōjchī kāme.)
– Translation: Daily tasks.
6. वार्षिक (vārṣik) – Annual
– Example: वार्षिक सण. (Vārṣik saṇ.)
– Translation: Annual festival.
Adjectives for Quantity
Adjectives indicating quantity can help you specify amounts in your sentences. Here are some Marathi adjectives for quantity.
1. बरेच (barech) – Many
– Example: बरेच लोक आले. (Barech lok āle.)
– Translation: Many people came.
2. थोडे (thoḍe) – Few
– Example: थोडे लोक आले. (Thoḍe lok āle.)
– Translation: Few people came.
3. भरपूर (bharpūr) – Plenty
– Example: भरपूर अन्न आहे. (Bharpūr ann āhe.)
– Translation: There is plenty of food.
4. कमी (kamī) – Less
– Example: कमी पाणी आहे. (Kamī pāṇī āhe.)
– Translation: There is less water.
5. पुरेसे (purese) – Enough
– Example: पुरेसे पैसे आहेत. (Purese paise āhet.)
– Translation: There is enough money.
6. सर्व (sarv) – All
– Example: सर्व विद्यार्थी आले. (Sarv vidyārthī āle.)
– Translation: All students came.
Adjectives for Quality
Quality-related adjectives are important for expressing opinions about objects and experiences. Here are some Marathi adjectives for quality.
1. चांगला (chāṅglā) – Good
– Example: हा चांगला चित्रपट आहे. (Hā chāṅglā chitrapaṭ āhe.)
– Translation: This is a good movie.
2. वाईट (vāīṭ) – Bad
– Example: हा वाईट अनुभव आहे. (Hā vāīṭ anubhav āhe.)
– Translation: This is a bad experience.
3. उत्कृष्ट (utkṛṣṭ) – Excellent
– Example: हा उत्कृष्ट प्रकल्प आहे. (Hā utkṛṣṭ prakalp āhe.)
– Translation: This is an excellent project.
4. साधा (sādhā) – Simple
– Example: हा साधा प्रश्न आहे. (Hā sādhā praśn āhe.)
– Translation: This is a simple question.
5. अवघड (avghaḍ) – Difficult
– Example: हा अवघड प्रश्न आहे. (Hā avghaḍ praśn āhe.)
– Translation: This is a difficult question.
6. सोपा (sopā) – Easy
– Example: हा सोपा मार्ग आहे. (Hā sopā mārg āhe.)
– Translation: This is an easy way.
Conclusion
Adjectives are indispensable in any language, adding depth and clarity to your communication. By familiarizing yourself with these commonly used Marathi adjectives, you can significantly enhance your ability to express yourself in various contexts. Practice using these adjectives in sentences, and you will find your Marathi vocabulary expanding rapidly. Happy learning!
